Sunday, February 2, 2014

Birth Control Methods

IUD

Method

A small device that contains copper or the hormone progestin that is inserted by a health care provider into a woman’s uterus.

Success Rate

Using an IUD, less than 1 woman in 100 (1%) will become pregnant in a year.

The Perks

It provides effective pregnancy protection and lasts a long time—a copper IUD can stay in place for up to twelve years, and a progestin IUD lasts 5 years.

Drag Factor

Doesn’t protect against STDs including HIV. Some women have spotting between periods, heavier periods, and increased cramping.


Male Condom

Method

A condom is a barrier method of protection made of latex (rubber) or polyurethane. It covers the penis and collects semen and other fluids, preventing them from entering a woman’s vagina.

Success Rate

With typical use, 15 women in 100 (15%) become pregnant in one year. With perfect use, 2 women in 100 (2%) will become pregnant in one year.

The Perks

When used correctly and consistently from beginning to end, condoms are the only method that protects against both pregnancy and STDs, including HIV. Plus, you don’t need a prescription, and they are cheap and easy to find at any drugstore.

Drag Factor

Condoms can leak or break if not put on or taken off correctly or if the wrong size. Oil-based lubricants (like Vaseline or massage oil) should not be used because these kinds of lubricants can cause condoms to break during sex.


The Pill

Method

A daily contraceptive pill for women that should be taken at the same time each day. It contains either a combination of the hormones estrogen and progestin or progestin only. These pills work in several ways to protect a woman from becoming pregnant.

Success Rate

With typical use, 8 women in 100 (8%) become pregnant in one year. With perfect use, less than one woman in 100 (less than 1%) will become pregnant in one year.

The Perks

If taken correctly, the pill provides non-stop protection from pregnancy; it can make a woman’s periods more regular, reduce cramps, and shorten or lighten a woman’s period.

Drag Factor

Offers no protection against STDs including HIV. Some women have nausea, headaches and changes in their moods. If you miss 2 or more daily pills during a cycle you should either abstain from sex or use a back-up method of contraception (like a condom). Each type of pill is different, so check with your doctor to learn more.

The Shot

Method
A shot for women that prevents pregnancy. The shot contains the hormone progestin and must be given every 3 months.

Success Rate

With typical use, 3 women in 100 (3%) become pregnant in one year. With perfect use, less than one woman in 100 (less than 1%) will become pregnant in one year.

The Perks

Once a woman gets the shot, she doesn’t have to think about birth control for another 3 months.

Drag Factor

Offers no protection against STDs including HIV. Some women have weight gain and irregular periods. This shot can cause bone loss, which is often reversible after a woman stops using the shot.


Diaphragm

Method

A diaphragm is a dome-shaped silicone or latex cup with a flexible rim. A woman uses spermicide to coat the inside and outer-edge, then she inserts it to the back of her vagina so that is covers the cervix where it blocks sperm.

Success Rate

With typical use, 16 women out of 100 (16%) will become pregnant in one year. With perfect use, 6 women out of 100 (6%) will become pregnant in one year.

The Perks

It can be put in place up to six hours before sex and can stay there for up to 24 hours (though fresh spermicide should be applied each time you have sex).

Drag Factor

Won’t effectively protect against most STDs including HIV, and can increase the risk of urinary tract infections & toxic shock syndrome. Can be messy (from the spermicide) and clumsy to use. It needs to stay in place for 6 hours after sex and be washed thoroughly with soap and water.


Cervical Cap

Method

A cervical cap is a silicone sailor hat-shaped device. A woman uses spermicide to coat the inside of the cap, then she inserts it into the back of her vagina so that is covers the cervix where it blocks sperm.

Success Rate

With typical use, 14 women in 100 (14%) will become pregnant in one year. With perfect use, 9 in 100 (9%) women will become pregnant in one year.

The Perks

It can be put in place up to 6 hours before sex and can stay there for up to 48 hours (and unlike the diaphragm) additional spermicide is not needed (if you want to have sex more than once).

Drag Factor

Won’t effectively protect against most STDs including HIV and can increase the risk of urinary tract infections and toxic shock syndrome. It only comes in 4 sizes so it may not be an option for everyone. Also, it needs to stay in place for 6 hours after having sex and then needs to be washed thoroughly with soap and water.


The Patch

Method

A woman applies a small adhesive patch to herbutt, upper arm, or lower abdomen. The patch contains a combination of the hormones estrogen and progestin. The patch is changed once a week for 3 weeks, followed by one week with no patch.

Success Rate

With typical use, 8 women in 100 (8%) become pregnant in one year. With perfect use, less than one woman in 100 (less than 1%) will become pregnant in one year.

The Perks

If used correctly, the patch provides non-stop protection from pregnancy; it can make a woman’s periods more regular, reduce cramps, and shorten or lighten a woman’s period. It only has to be changed once a week.

Drag Factor

Offers no protection against STDs including HIV. Some women have skin reactions, nausea, headaches and breast discomfort. If the patch is removed for more than a day, or a woman is late starting a new patch, she should either not have sex or use a back-up method of contraception (like a condom) until she has used a new patch for 7 days.



The Ring

Method

A woman places a soft, flexible ring in the vagina for three weeks, followed by a ring-free week. The ring contains a combination of the hormones estrogen and progestin.

Success Rate

With typical use, 8 women in 100 (8%) become pregnant in one year. With perfect use, less than one woman in 100 (less than 1%) will become pregnant in one year.

The Perks

If used correctly, the ring provides non-stop protection from pregnancy; it can make a woman’s periods more regular, reduce cramps, and shorten or lighten a woman’s period. It only has to be changed once a month.

Drag Factor

Offers no protection against STDs including HIV. Some women have vaginal discomfort, nausea, headaches and breast tenderness. If a woman misses 3 or more hours during a cycle, she should either not have sex or use a back-up method of contraception (such as a condom) until she has used a new ring for 7 days.


Implant

Method

A small rod is inserted under the skin of a woman’s upper arm by a health care provider. This rod releases the hormone progestin.

Success Rate

Less than one woman in 1,000 becomes pregnant in one year.

The Perks

It protects against pregnancy for up to 3 years–without having to do a thing. It can shorten or lighten a woman’s period and reduce cramps.

Drag Factor

Doesn’t protect against STDs including HIV; may cause irregular periods, nausea,headaches, and weight gain. Some women may be able to see the rod under the skin and rarely can get a skin infection at the insertion site. Plus, having the rod removed can be a hassle.


Emergency Contraceptive

Method

It is not a regular method of birth control, but emergency contraception can be used up to five days after unprotected sex, or if your birth control method failed (for example a condom broke). The sooner it’s started the better it works.

Success Rate

If taken within 3 days of unprotected sex, it reduces your chance of getting pregnant by 89%. It is more effective the sooner it is taken.

The Perks

It can reduce the chance that a woman will get pregnant if she has unprotected sex or if another method of protection failed.

Drag Factor

Doesn’t protect against STDs including HIV. May cause nausea. If a woman does not get her period within 3 weeks, she should take a pregnancy test.


Abstinence

Method

Not having sex (oral, anal or vaginal) and not participating in any activity that puts you or your partner in contact with each others’ bodily fluids (like semen, vaginal fluids, or blood).

Success Rate

Abstinence offers 100% protection against pregnancy, and STDs, assuming no sexual content of any kind (including genital touching).

The Perks

It is the only 100% effective way to avoid pregnancy and STDs. And it’s more common than you’d think– half of high school students have never had sex.

Drag Factor

There isn’t one. 70% of teens who have had sex wish they had waited.


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